Geography Exam

[AngJum]

I have my Geography Credit and General Exam tomorrow, I need to know all the info on the following topics:


River valleys;

Upper Course -

Vertical erosion, Weathering and Gravity.
Steep, Deep, Narrow, V-shaped valley.
Waterfalls, gorges, rapids & white waters.
Potholes in rock bed. Interlocking spurs.
Sheep farming, Forestry, H.E.P, Water storage, Recreation.

Middle Course -

Lateral erosion, Transportation and some deposition.
More gentle, floodpain, meanders (river cliffs & slipps slope - point bars)
Braiding, Ox-bow lakes.
Pasture - sheep and cattle, settlement- villages/small market towns. Communications.

Lower Course -

Mainly deposition, transportatio, flooding.
Very gentle. Large, flat, floodplain, Ox-bow lakes, river terraces, Levees,
braiding (eyots) Estuary (tidal) Deltas (no strong tides)
Arable farming, larger settlements, maybe a port, Industry communications.

River Stuides Gathering and Processing Techniques

Gathering Techniques - Measuring with
Depth
Speed
- Gradient
- Bedload size and shape
- Field sketching/Photographs

Processing Techniques

- Cross sectional area
- Pie charts/Divided bar graphs (%)
- Line graphs/Bar graphs
- Scatter graphs
- Annotated photos/Fieldsketches

Weather

- Elements of the weather
- Weather instruments and where they are found
- Units of measurements (e.g. 'mm.' for precipiation)
- Location of Weather Stations
- Other methods of recording weather (e.g. satellites)
- Drawing and interpreting weather circles
- TV weather symbols
- The three types of rain - 'Relief', 'Convection' and 'Frontal'
- How weather affects people and the jobs they do

Urban


- Types of settlement
- Site
- Situation
- Function
- Shape

Names of zones


- C.B.D
- Inner City
- Suburbia
- Rural/Urban Fringe (Conflict)
- Industrial zones
- Lines of transport



- Main types of building, land use, pop, density.
- Able to recognise them on an O.S. Map.
- Explain why they are found in particular areas.
Recognise and explain urban zones on a transect (section through the city)

Urban models (Main)


- Concentric zone
- Sector
- Multiple Nuclei

Problems facing cities after World War 2.

Solutions

- Urban Redevelopment (Council estates, High rise buildings)
- New towns
- Urban Renewal (Modernisation, Environmental Improvement, Job Creation)

Traffic Problems

- Main problems
- Solutions
- Specific examples

Shopping


- Hierarchy
- Advantages and disadvantages of - C.B.D
- Outer city retail parks

Farms


- Arable, Pastoral, Dairy, Mixed, Market Gardening, Crofting, Specialist farms e.g. Pig rearing, chickens.

Know the terms


- Subsistence / Commercial
- Intensive / Extensive

Physical factors
- Relief
- Soil
- Climate (Temp, rainfall, sunshine)
- Aspect

Human / Economic factors


- Size of farm
- Labour
- Capital
- Technology (Including machinery, seeds and chemicals)
- Government / EC policies
- Distance from market

Farming landscape


- Larger fields / Removal of hedgerows
- More machinery / Reduction in labour
- Different crops / Animals
- Farm buildings
- Diversification ( B & B, Caravan sites, Holiday homes, Craft shops, Quad biking / off road driving)

Impact of the C.A.P on farms (Subsides, Set aside, Oil seed rape)

Affect of farming on environment


- Draining wetlands
- Pesticides and Fertilisers
- Removal of hedgerows

Pressure on farming from other land uses e.g.

- Urban areas
- Transport
- Recreation (Golf, walkers etc)
- Industry

Problems facing farmers in recent times


- Loss of subsidies
- B.S.E Scare
- Foot and mouth
- Effects of Chernobyl
- Big increases in fuel prices

Geographical methods and techniques e.g.


- Gathering techniques
- Interview farmers
- Study different types of maps
- Field sketching
- Look at old photographs

Processing technics


- Tables
- Graphs
- Labelled sketches / photos

I don't think anyone cares lol I've done them anyway, my Credit exam was easier than the general :p